John Roger Commons (* 13 October 1862 in Holland castle, Ohio; "† 11. May 1945 in away Lauderdale, (Florida)), US-American economist and sociologist, was a prominent representative of the instutionellen, evolutionary economic theory as well as an influential politics policy.

Life

After the successful conclusion of the High School Commons tried first at short notice as a teacher an elementary school, terminated this attempt however relatively fast. 1882 had saved its family sufficient money, in order to make for it possible the attendance Oberlin college. To its Bachelor conclusion there, he went to 1888 for 2 years for further studies to the John Hopkins university into Baltimore (Maryland). There 1890 an offer for an activity reached it as an instructor for economics of the Wesleyan university in Connecticut, where its commitment was however not extended. After a further year at the Hopkins university, in which he finished his graduation, it received an employment at the Oberlin college. It however already left Oberlin after one year, in order to accept a better paid position at the university of Indiana. There he taught economics and sociology. Also it left Indiana after one year for an again better endowed position at the Syracuse university in Syracuse, New York. This place would affect it 1899 quit, since the university administration of the opinion was, the activity "radicals" like Commons the donationses of the university negatively.

In the consequence Commons was active in the political range and/or in the political counselling. Thus it provided an index for wholesale prices, the arguments for the necessity for an expansion of the money supply by the government to furnish should and became then member of an industrial commission with the task, used by the government to finish a report over immigration. Afterwards it received the order to research for national the Civics Federation over taxation and questions from work relations to. In this time Commons developed its interest in work relations and trade unions, which culminated to 1918 in the publication of the "History OF labour into the United States".

1904 received then an offer of the University of Wisconsin to Commons, where he was active as a professor until 1932. There it continued its work over the history of the workers' movement and developed further, with support of the politician and later senator Robert M. LaFollette suggestions and initiatives on the legislation and politics organization. In particular it exerted large influence on the arrangement of the new Deal initiated by president Theodore Roosevelt, to that the effects of the world economic crisis to overcome should and it partly even than intellectual father of this political concept is regarded. Further considerably political initiatives affected by Commons concern among other things:

• Adjustments concerning the industrial safety
• Unemployment insurance
• Social security-similar retirement programs
• Compensation payments for industrial accidents

Surely also affected by its political activity Commons turned in the thirties to the institutional political economics and published 1934 two-restrains work "Institutional Economics. Its Place into the Political Economy".

Commons died at the 11. May 1945 in away Lauderdale (Florida).

Important

• The distribution OF Wealth, 1893.
• Social reform and the Church, 1894.
• Proportionally Representation, 1896.
• "A Sociological View OF Sovereignty", 1899, in: American journal OF Sociology.
• Trade Unionism and laboratory of problem, 1905.
• Races and of immigrant in America, 1907.
• "Tariff revision and Protection for American laboratory", 1908, Annals OF AAPSS.
• "American Shoemakers, 1648-1895: A sketch OF industrial evolution", 1909, in Quarterly journal OF Economics.
• A Documentary History OF American Industrial Society, with others, 1910-11.
• "Organized Labor's attitude Toward Industrial Efficiency", 1911, in: American Economic Review
• Laboratory administration, 1913.
• Principles OF laboratory Legislation with J.B. Andrew, 1916.
• History OF laboratory into the United States, 1918.
• "Economic Reconstruction: Foreign and cathedral TIC Investments", 1918, in: American Economic Review
• Industrial Goodwill, 1919.
• "Review OF the S. and B. Webb's History OF trade Unionism", 1920, in: American Economic Review
• "The Webbs' Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth", 1921, in: American Economic Review
• Industrial Government, with others, 1921.
• "Secular trend and Business Cycles: A classification OF of theories" with H.L. MacCracken and W.E. Zeuch, 1922, REStat.
• Legally Foundations OF Capitalism, 1924.
• "Institutional Economics", in: American Economic Review
• Institutional Economics: Its place in political economy, 1934.
• Myself, 1934.
• The Economics and Collective Action, 1950.

Related links

• Work history
• A short biography
• A biography in more detail

Articles in category "John Roger Commons"

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