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Strophanthus

:	Aster something similar (Asteridae)
:	Enzianartige (Gentianales)
:	Dog poison plants (Apocynaceae)
'':	Apocynoideae
'':	Strophanthus

Scientific name

Strophanthus

DC.

Strophanthus (Syn.: Cercocoma, Christya, Roupellia, Roupellina, Zygonerion) is plant kind from the Unterfamilie Apocynoideae in the family of the dog poison plants (Apocynaceae).

Spreading

Most that about 38 to 48 different kinds are to be found in Africa. Some kinds are resident however also in Asia.

Description

The Strophanthus kinds are holzige plants, them grow as bushes or small trees, usually in forest areas. They can climb however also as Lianen at trees and grow in such a way up to the treetops. The Strophanthus kinds are poisonous.

Medical meaning/toxicology

The Strophanthus kinds contain pharmakologisch important contents materials. Beside the alkaloid Inoein contain several of the kinds (Eminii, Hispidus and Gratus) a poisonous heart-effective Glykosid Strophanthin, which is ranked among the Herzglykosiden, Steroiden and Cardenoliden. It is to be found main in the seed (Strophanti Semina).

Strophanthus kombe contains k-Strophanthin, Helveticosid (Erysimin) and Cymarin.

Strophanthus gratus contains g-Strophanthin (English = ouabain).

These poisons were used as arrow poisons in Africa. About 50 is deadly for a guinea pig (~250 There is no remedy and the Giftigkeit is higher than from queue poisons. In addition this Herzglykoside is used in the medicine with heart weakness, its meaning removes however. However inhabitants of East Africa won from the crust of the Baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) a up to now unknown active substance that it against the effect of the Strophanthus Pfeilgifte to protect should.

Kinds

There are about 38 to 48 Strophanthus kinds (with spreading):

S. aambe
S. alterniflorus
S. amboensis (Namibia)
S. annamensis
S. arboreus
S. arnoldianus (tropical Africa)
S. aurantiacus
S. barteri (from the Ivory Coast to Cameroon)
S. bequaertii
S. boivinni (Madagascar)
S. brevicaudatus
S. bullenianus (Cameroon, Gabon, Nigeria)
S. capensis (Capensis)
S. caudatus (Syn.: S. dichotomus) (Southeast Asia)
S. chinensis
S. congoensis (the Congo)
S. courmontii (tropical Africa):
- S. courmontii var. courmontii
- S. courmontii var. fallax
- S. courmontii var. kerkii
S. cumingii
S. divaricatus (China)
S. eminii (tropical Africa)
S. gardeniiflorus (Angola, Zambia)
S. gerrardii (Africa)
S. glabriflorus (Syn.: S. sarmentosus var. glabriflorus) (tropical Africa)

S. gossweileri (Angola)
S. gracilis (Central Africa)
S. grandiflorus (tropical Africa)
S. gratus (Syn.: S. glabra or S. more glaber, Roupellia grata) (Central Africa)
S. hirsutus (Angola)
S. hispidus (the Sudan, the Congo, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone)
S. hypoleucus (tropical Africa)
S. intermedius (Angola)
S. kombe, plant, Strophanthus seed plant, (Africa south the Sahara)
S. longicalyx (Angola)
S. luteolus (Capensis)
S. mirabilis (tropical Africa)
S. nicholsoni (tropical Africa)
S. paxii (Angola)
S. petersianus (Africa south the Sahara)
S. preussii (tropical Africa)
S. sarmentosus (west Africa)
S. scandens (Malakka)
S. schuchardtii (Angola)
S. speciosus (Capensis)
S. thollonii (Cameroon, Gabon, Nigeria)
S. vanderijstii (Zaire)
S. wallichii (Indian Subkontinent)
S. welwitschii (Syn.: S. ecaudatus, Zygonerion welwitschii)
S. wightianus (Indian Subkontinent)